The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis

 The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis

-Lynn Townsend White Jr.

(April 29, 1907 – March 30, 1987)

Aldous Huxley han titipui hi chu a manhla thin a, a tawp thei ta thin lo.

Lungchhiatthlak tak maia a liam hma kum khatah khan a thil tui zawng tak mai a sawi vak mai a, chu chu- mihringin khuarel thil kan nghaisak nasatzia leh a rah lungchhiatthlak tak mai a ni. A thil sawi tifiah turin thil sawi a nei a, chu chu a naupan laia hlim em ema a khawsakna ṭhin England rama hmun ruam zim te lama a kir leh thu a ni. Chu hmun chu a hma chuan phul hmun hring nuam em em mai hi a ni ṭhin a, tunah erawh chuan thing buk hmuhnawm lo zet zet a ṭo khat ta chuk mai a ni awm e. A chhan bera a sawi chu lo neitu hovin an thlai ei chhe tua an puh sazupuite chu tur hmangin an that nasa lutuk a, phul hmun chu a nuam tawk chauh tura thlai dang ei ṭhintu sazupui an awm tak loh vang niin a sawi. Kei lah, a hnial hrata hrat ta chuan, min hnial dan tur hre chak pah deuh bawkin ka lo hnial leh pek a, 'sazupui chu kum 1176 khan lo neitute'n chaw tha zawk an ei theihna tur atan, ei tura an vulh tan a ni' ka lo ti a.

Thil nunna nei chi engkim mai hian an taksa nih phung hi anmahniin an siam danglam ṭhin ve hrim hrim a, chung zinga ngaihnawm ber chu tuipuia coral hi an ni. Tui hnuaia khawsa nungcha leh thlaite chenna atan anmahni hi an insiam danglam tawp mai ṭhin a nih hi. Mihring hi kan chenna hmunhma tidanglam nasa ber kan ni ngei ang. Ramsa kah kan chin aṭangin khawvela ramsa lianpui puite chu tiremin phul hmun nuam tak takte hi kan siam a, thil lawmawm angreng tak a nihna chin chu a awm e. Kum zabi 6 vel kal taah kha chuan Nile luipui kamte khu African ram ngaw ni lovin mihring thil siamin a khat maithei a, a tam ngaw khu mihring siam a ni kher lo vang. Mel 5000 chuang khuhtu Aswan tuikhuah hi hun rei tak awha mihring siam tharlam deuh ber chu a ni maithei e. Hmun tam takah chuan lo neih nana tlang laih zawl (terracing) vang te, tui lak vang te, Carthaginians ral beih nana Roman hovin an lawng atan thing an hman duh avanga ngaw an ṭhiah vak vak avang te, Crusader hovin an zin kawng daltu an suatna avang tein leilung awmphung pangngai (ecology) hi an lo tidanglam tawh ṭhin. Hun laihawla mihringte lo neih dan zirtu Marc Bloch chuan France ram leilung hi hmanlaia an lo neih dan avangin hmar lam ram pharh zawl leh chhim leh chhak lama ran vulhna remchang tur ang hian chi hnihin a inṭhen niin a sawi. Mak tak maiin, mihringte chet dan hian mihringte thunun phak loh thil a thlen fo ṭhin a ni. Lirthei hmuh chhuah a nih chiah khan sakawr ek eia inhnangfak ṭhin chawngzawng rual chu nasa takin an rem phah niin an sawi.

Khuarel thil hi tun thleng hian kan hriat phak lohin nasa takin a la inthlak reng a, eng thil chiah nge thleng a, eng nge a nghawng tih hi ka hre tlem khawp mai. Kum 1627 vela bawng lian chi lo piang chhuak kha kan sa pel danin hrin chhuah an ti mauh mai a, a chhan chiah erawh chu hriat a har. Kum sang aia tam kal taah khan Frisians leh Hollanders te hi North Sea lamah hnawh chep an ni a, chu thil chu Zuider Zee hmun kan neih leh theihna kawng pawimawh tak a ni. Chutiang avang chuan ramsa chi hrang hrangte, sava te, sangha te, tuipui kama nungcha te leh thlai te hi an thi zo ta vek em ni ang? Neptune te nen an inepna nasa tak avangin Netherlanders hnam hian leilung hlutna (ecological values) hi an ngaipawimawh tawk lo va, chu chu Netherlands hian an tuar ta em ni ang? Zawhna tam tak ka nei a, chhanna ka hmu mang miah lo hi a chhan ta hre thei lo.

Mihring hian an chenna sik leh sa awmdan hi an tidanglam fo ṭhin reng a, mahse tunlai khawvelah hian mihring vanga a danglamna hi engtin nge, engtikah nge, khawiah nge a lo thlen ṭhin tih hi kan hre lo. Kum zabi 20_na tawp lam kan lo thlen dawn takah hian leilung awmphunga harsatna kan tawh hi a nasa ta hle. Natural science hian khuarel thilin hun hrang hranga mi hrang hrang a nghawng dan hi hrethiam turin min pui nasa hle. Chutiang chiah chuan thiamna upa tak, a changa kal vung viau, a changa muang leh ṭhin a awm bawk. Mahse, chhuan li kalta vel, Europe khaw thlang lam leh North America ramin science leh technology an inkawptir, kan khuarel thil enkawl dana tihdan thar kan hman hnu kha chuan hetiang hi a awm tawh lo. Science thiamna hmanga khuarel  thil tihdanglamnain a thlen, Francis Bacon_a hmuh chhuah Baconian creed kan tih hman ṭan a lo nih hi kum 1850 hma lam kha a ni a, kun zabi 18 na laiah khan damdawi siamnaah vawn ṭhat a lo ni tawh a ni. Tihdan phung pangngaia hman a lo ni ta hi mihringin lo neih kan chin hnua thil thleng langsar ber a ni a, mihring kan tel ve lohna chanchinah pawh a ni tel ang chu.

Vawi leh khatah thil thar, khuarel leh leilung chungchang ngaihvenna a rawn thlen a, ecology tih thumal hi kum 1873 khan sapṭawngah a lo tel thar phah ta nghe nghe a ni. Kum zabi em pawh a vei hmain tuna khawvela cheng mihringte'n kan khawvel awmdana kan thil tih chuan danglamna nasa tak a lo thlen ta nghal a ni. Kum zabi 14_na vela laipui siam hmasak ber kah a nih khan Pathian siam leilung hi nasa takin a nghawng nghal a, ramhnuai leh tlang sang lamah potash, sulphur, iron ore leh meihawl te zawng turin mi tam tak tirh chhuah ṭhin an nih avangin leilungin nasa takin a luan ral phah bakah ram ngaw tam takin a chereu phah a ni. Hydrogen bomb hi a dan a dang lehnghal a, indonaah hman han ni chiah se chuan kan planet chhunga nunna nei zawng zawng hi kan chimit vek ang. Kum 1285 khan London khawpui chu lungalhthei hal avangin meikhuin a tibuai hle a, tuna tuialhthei kan hman nasat lutuk vang erawh hi chuan khawvel pum khaw awmdan hi a danglam phah thei maithei a, chu chu chhiatna bul ṭanna chauh a la ni ang. Mihring kan lo pung thut hian ruahmanna nei lova din khawpui a hring chhuak a, hei hian bawlhhlawh leh hnawmhnawk nasa takin a tipung a, nungcha dang zawng aiin mihring hian rei lote chhunga a thil tihsual rah hi siam ṭhat theih loh chhiatnaah a chhuah ngei dawn a ni. 

Hetiang siam ṭha leh tur hian tihtur tam tak a awm a, mahse tihhlawhtlin tak tak chu a har khawp ang: bomb siam hi phal loh tur, khawlaia thil tar te hi lak thlak vek tur, Hindu_ho hi fa neih tlemna damdawi pek a, an ran thianghlim bawng hi ei tura hrilh tur tih ang te hi harsa tak tur a ni. Kawng awlsam ber chu hei hi a ni, khaw awmdan tichhe thei thil chu tih tawp vek tur tih hi. Chu aia ṭha pawh a la awm, hun kal tawha kan thil lo siam tawh te hi ṭha zawka siam: petrol pump te hi Anne Hathaway_i in te anga nalha siam tur a ni a, (Far West thawnthua mi angin)

khaw ram zu dawr ang maia fianrialin siam tur. Rampalaileng hian boruak hip nuam min pe a, Kleenex awm hmaa San Gimignano leh High Sierra ang kha din thar leh tur a ni. Mahse, kan ti lutuk a nih erawh chuan leilung hi kan tichhe tho tho ang.

Eng nge kan tih tak ang le? Tuman an hre bik rih lo. A bul te aṭanga siam ṭhat kan tum a nih loh chuan siam ṭhat kan tumnaa kan thiltih hian a hma aia chhiatna nasa a thlen zawk ang. 

A hmasa ber atan chuan hun kal tawh atangin thil kan chhut tur a ni a, tunlai science thiamna chungchang hi kan ngaihtuah ngun a ngai ang. Science chu mi khawsak sang lamte buaipui thil a ni ber a, technology erawh chu khawsak hniam lam deuhte chan a ni deuh. Kum zabi 19_na laihawl vel aṭang khan science leh technology hi kan kal kawptir nasa ta hle a, hei hian tun hmaa mipui vantlangin kan thiltih ṭhin dan kalhmang kha a rawn thlak danglam ta viau mai. Leilunga harsatna kan tawh hi thil lo thleng thar, mipuiin kan chin chhuahin a nghawng a ni. He buaina aṭang hian mi mipui rorelna rama chengte chu kan dam khawchhuak theiin a rinawm a, mahse, kan thil lo tih dik loh tawhte hi kan ngaihtuah let chu a ngai ang.  

Technology leh science lama khawthlang ramte tihdan

Thil pakhat, han sawi chhuah pawh atthlak tak a awm: tunlai thiamna leh tunlai science hi khawthlang lam kaihhnawih a ni tih hi. Thiamna lama hmasawnna hian khawvel hmun tinreng aṭangin thil chi hrang hrang a hip khawm a, China aṭanga lo lut hi a langsar ber a ni ang, khawvel hmun tin aṭangin, Japan leh Nigeria te pawh telin. Science thiamna hi hun kal tawha science lam hawi thiamna aṭanga kan chhawm chhoh zel a ni a, hun laihawla Islam scientist te kha a thawh hlawk ber chu an ni. Khang Islam scientist te khan hmanlai Greek mifingte thiamna an chhawm a, entir nan, al-Razi hi damdawi lam, ibn-al-Haytham hi mit lam, Omar Khayyam chu mathematics lam. Dik tak chuan, chutiang mi thiamte hnathawh chu Arabic hun hmasa lamah khan hmuh tur awm lo mah se madieval hunlaia Latin ṭawnga dah a nih khan a lo lang chhuak ta a, heng hi khawthlang lam hmasawnna thlentu laipui a ni. Tunlai khawvelah hi chuan science kalhmang leh ṭawng zawng zawng hi khawthlang lam tihdan deuh vek a ni ta.

Thu dik dang leh hi chu tunhma leh lutuka thil thleng nghawng a nih avangin hriat chian theih a la harsa deuh. Technology leh science lama hming langsar, khawthlang mite hi kum zabi 17_na laia Scientific Revolution an tih leh kum zabi 18_na laia Industrial Revolution huna mite aiin a rei tawh zawk. Hun rei tak chhunga thil thleng an sawi te hi hriat fiah a harsa deuh a ni.  Khawl hmanga thil herna aia tui tha chakna hman ṭan a nih hi a rei berah kum AD 1000 vel, a rei lo berah kum 200 kalta vela chin chhuah niin a lang a. Hei hi kum zabi 12_na vel khan thli chaknain a lo thlak leh ta a ni. A tir te aṭang khan khawthlang mite hian an thiamna hi chak tak maiin an tihmasawn a, chu chuan khawl chakna hman te, a thawktu mihring chhawr tlem zawka hna thawhte leh lirthei hman te a hring chhuak a ni. Heng thil miin an ringhlel a nih chuan khawvel chanchina hlawhtlinna ropui ber zinga mi sana aṭang hian an hmu thei ang, kum zabi 14_na velah kha chuan chi hniha siam ṭhin a ni. Thil tenau siam ni lo, a bul ṭhut aṭanga thiamna lamah chuan hun laihawl laia cheng khawthlang Latin mite khan Byzantium leh Islam thiamna kha a khum a ni. Kum 1444 khan Greek thu ziaktu Bessarion chu Italy ramah a kal a, Greece lal fapa hnenah lehkha a thawn a. Khawthlangho ropuizia, an lawng ropuizia te, an ralthuam ṭhatzia te, an thawmhnaw siamna leh an darthlalang siamna hmun ropui a tihzia te a ziak a. Heng zawng zawng aia a ziah nasat ber chu tui chakna hmanga thing zaina bakah thir chherna pum an zah dan a ni. Chung aia ropui chu khawchhak ramriah hian a hmu lo a ni ang. 

Kum zabi 15na laia Europe ramin thiamna lama hma an sawnna hian khawvel pum hi a nghawng nasa hle a, ram lian lem lo tak tak, ram inhmelmate chuan khawvel ram dangah hmun an khuar a, ram an awp a, an thil an ruksak ṭhin. Khawthlang ram zinga chak lo ber pawl Portugal chuan East Indies ram a awp thei tlat hi khawthlang ramte thiamna lama an chungchuanzia tilangtu zinga mi a ni.

Vasco da Gama leh Albuquerque thiamna leh finna kha ril takah chuan science zara an neih tih kan hriat a ngai a ni.

Tunlai huna thil engkim mahni ṭawnga kan hriat fiah theih tak hnu hian tunlaia science thiamna hi kum 1543 vel, Copernicus leh Vesalius te'n an lehkhabu ropui tak tak an chhuah aṭanga kan hriat ṭan a ni tih kan hre thei. Mahse an thil sawi zawng zawng kha a dik bik vek lo tih chu kan hria. Khawthlang ramin science thiamna an hmelhriat ṭanna chu kun zabi 11_na vela Arabic leh Greek mite science thiamna Latin ṭawnga lehlin a nih kha a ni. Lehkhabu ṭhenkhat,

Theophrastus kutchhuak ang chite kha science thiamna lama sulsutu chu a ni ngei a, mahse kum 200 tling lovah Greek leh Muslim te science thiamna chu Latin ṭawnga chhiar theih a lo ni ta a, chu chu Europe rama university hrang hrangah chhiar leh zir a lo ni ta. Chutia zir a lo nih takah chuan thlir dan thar a lo chhuah phah ta a ni. Kum zabi 13_na tawp lamah khan Europe ram chuan Islam ram aṭangin science lama hruaitu nihna chu a chhuhsak ta a. Newton, Galileo leh Copernicus te thiamna avanga kum zabi 14_na mithiam Buridan emaw, Oresme emaw te thiamna hi theihnghilh chi a ni lo ang. Kum zabi 11_na hma lamah kha chuan science hi Latin khawthlang lam leh Roman ramah te khan kan hre chauh a ni.  Kum zabi 11_na aṭang kha chuan khawthlang ramah science thiamna hi a lo thang nasa ta hle a ni. 

Science leh technology lamin min nghawngna hi hun laihawl vela inṭan a nih avangin a hunlaia thil awmdan hre chiang lo chung chuan eng nge an nihphung tak tak kan hre thei lo vang. 

Madieval thlirnaa mihring leh khuarel thil awmdan

Tunhnai lawk thleng khan lo neih hi hnam changkangte zingah pawh eizawnna pui ber a nih avangin lei leh phut a nih dan kalhmang hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. Hmanlaia an tih dan, bawng hmanga lei leh hi chuan leilung hi a tidanglam tak tak vak lo. Lei chu awmze nei taka leh a ṭul avangin pianze mumal tak neia siam a ṭul ṭhin. Khawchhak lam leh Mediterranean ram, leilung pan leh ruah dawng tam em em lo hmunah chuan hetiang hi a hmantlak viau. Mahse, Europe hmarlam, ruah sur tamna leh leilung banna hmunah chuan a hman tlak lem loh. Isua Krista hun atanga kum zabi 7_na tawp lamah khan hmar lama chengte chuan lei lehna thar, ngil taka chemte ang pian thil zum vuah an hmang ta a. Hetiang hmanrua hi chu hman a hautak a, a hmaa bawng pahnih hmanna ang chi_ah khan bawng pariat te hman a lo ṭul ta a ni. A lei leh chu a hneh bik em avangin a let zawnga leh pawh a tul ve tawh lo va, ram pawh a bial te tea let lovin sei tak takin an let ta ṭhin a ni.

Lei lehna hmanraw chi khat, scratch-plow an tih mai an hman lai chuan leilet chu chhungkaw pakhat zel enkawl tawkin an sem ṭhin a, mahni mamawh tawk ram an enkawl mai ṭhin. Mahse, lo neitu ṭhenkhat tan bawng pariat zet chu neih a lo harsa a, lo neitute chuan an bawngte chu thawhkhawmin, a huhovin lei chu an let ta ṭhin. Chuvangin, ram chu mamawh tawk ang zela sem theih a ni ta lo va, lei let tura an hmanraw neih ang zawnga sem a ṭul ta a ni. Ram leh mihring inzawmna chu a lo inthlak ta a. A hma chuan mihring chu khuarel zinga tel ve a ni a, tunah chuan a tichhetu a ni ta thung. Khawvel khawi hmunah mah mihring hian leilung a siam ṭha ngai lo. Europe hmar lama lo neitute kha tunlaia lo neitu, nasa taka leilung nghaisatute thlahtu hi an lo ni reng ang em le? 

Hetianga thil ṭha lo hi AD 830 hma lam deuh khan khawthlang ramah a lo lang deuh thuak tawh. Calendar hluiah chuan thla hi mihring hnathawh ṭhin lam entirin an siam ṭhin a. Frankish calendar, hun laihawla chengte hman kha a danglam nasa bik khawp mai: mihring chu an chhehvel khawvel awm dan ang zelin an entir a- lei let lai, buh seng lai, vawk talh lai ang tein. Mihring leh khuarel hi thil pahnih an ni a, mihring hi a pu zawk a ni.

Thil thar hi mi fing apiangin an lawm emaw tih tur a ni. Khuarel thil laka mihring chet dan chu an chhehvela thil awmna an en danah a innghat. Mihring khawsak phung hi kan sakhaw biakah hian a innghat thui em em a. Khawthlang miin India emaw, Ceylon emaw an hmuh dan aṭang hian a chiang mai. Madieval hunlai aṭanga min thlahtute chet dan aṭang pawh hian a chiang.

Kristiannain milem biakna sakhua a rawn hnehna kha khawvel chanchina ngaihtuahna inthlak nasa ber a ni. A ṭha emaw, ṭha lo emaw, tunlai mi hi chuan Kristian sakhaw thununna hnuaia seilian kan ni hi kan chhuang viau vek mai. Kan ngaihtuahna leh kan ṭawng zawng zawng hi Kristian sakhuain a thunun vek ni hian a lang a, mahse, ka ngaihdanah ve chuan hun kalta khan min la thunun tlat a ni. Kan nitin khawsak phung hi Greco-Roman leh Orient lam chin dan a ni lo. Juda leh Kristian dan aṭanga zung kaih a ni daih mai. Hetiang lo zawng hian kal theih a ni em tih chu Communist hian an lantir deuh a, Marxism hi Islam rin dan ang deuh a ni a, Juda leh Kristian nun dan nen chuan a dang daih. Tuna kan nun dan hi kum 1700 kalta vela nun dan, Kristian tih dan zuia nun a ni.

Kristianna hian kan khawsak phungah hian eng chiah nge min zirtir le? Khawvela thawnthu hlui chi hrang hrang hian khawvel siam a nih dan a sawi a, Greco-Roman pi pu thawnthu hi a danglam bik daih. Aristotle ngaihdanah chuan khawvel hi hmuh theiha lo indin ṭan a ni lo. Khawvel chu thawk leh khata lo awm thut ni lovin, zawi zawia lo indin chho a ni. Mahse, chu ngaihdan chu Juda ngaihdan atanga lo piang Kristian te ngaihdan chu a ni lo hle thung. Kristian rin danah chuan engkim tithei Pathianin thim leh eng a siam a, vana thil awmte siam lehin khawvel hi a siam a, chumi hnuah thlai te, ramsa te, sava te leh sangha te a siam a. A tawp berah Pathian chuan Adama siamin a khawhar hnem turin Evi a siam leh ta a. Mihring chuan ramsa tinreng chu an hming phuahin an thu hnuaiah a dah ta a ni. Pathian chuan thil engkim hi mihringin a duh dana a hman tura a siam nia ngaih a ni a, thilsiam dangte hian mihring hi an hmang ṭangkai ve tura ngaih a ni lo. Mihring chu vaivut aṭanga siam a ni a, mawl taka ngaihtuah pawhin khuarel thilah a tel ve lo: Pathian hlimthla a ni zawk.

Khawthlanga an tih danah hi chuan Kristianna hi sakhua kan hriat tawhah mahni indah pawimawh ber a la ni ang. Kum zabi 2_na tir lam khan Tertullian leh Lyons khuaa Saint Irenaeus chuan mihring hi tho leh Isua hlimthla, Adama pahnihna angin an sawi a. Mihring hian nasa takin Pathianin khuarel thil a enkawlna hi an ṭawmpui niin an sawi a ni. Kristianna hi hmasang milem biakna sakhua leh Asia rama sakhaw dang (Zorastrianism tih loh) nen chuan a danglam em em mai a, Pathian leh mihring hi an kal kawp tlat a, khuarel thil chu ama tana hmangin a khawih danglam tur a ni tih hi Pathian thu tiam a ni.

He thil hian mi naranah nghawng a nei nasa hle. Hmanlai ngaihdanah chuan thil engkim- thing te, tuihna te, lui te te leh tlang zawng zawngte hian enkawltu thlarau an nei hrang ṭheuh ṭhin. Heng thlaraute hi mihringte thunun theiha ngaih an ni a, mahse mihring nena inang lo tak tak- centaur, faun leh mermaid te erawh chu nihna chi hrang hrang inpawlh an ni. Thing chu kih a nihin emaw, tlang chu laih a nih emaw chuan a enkawltu thlarau chu tuhlungawi hmasak a ngai ṭhin. Milem biakna sakhua a lo tawp hnuin Kristianna chuan leilung chu a duh ang angin a sawisa thei taa ngaihna a lo piang ta a ni. 

Kohhran dah pawimawhna hi hmasanga sakhaw puithiamte thlaktu anga sawi a ni fo ṭhin. Dik pawh a dik; mahse hmasang puithiamte leh kohhran dinhmun erawh chu nasa takin a danglam thung. Puithiamte chu khuarel thil an ni lo va, khawvelah maicham leh inthawina hmun te nei mah se amah chu khawvel pawn lam thil a ni. Chubakah, puithiamte chu mihring dik tak an ni a, mihring mihrinna hmanga biak pawh theih an ni. Lehlamah, Kristiannaah pawh Juda sakhaw rindan an chhawm angin angel leh ramhuai te pawh an awm ve a, Zorastrianism nen chuan a inang lo deuh. Mahse, heng te pawh hi a nihna takah chuan puithiam te ang deuh tho an ni. Hmana mihring laka khuarel thil veng himtu thlarau ang kha a bo ta. Khawvel chu mihringte enkawl tur liau liauva ngaih a lo ni ta a, khawvel vengtute chu an awm ta lo. 

Mahse, hetiang hi miin an sawi vaih chuan zilhhau an tawk vat ang. Kristianna hi chu rinna pumhlum nei chunga zawm chi a ni a, a zirtirna pawh hi a dang daih a ni. Ka thil sawi hi madieval hun laia khawthlang ramah khan a taka hman a ni ṭhin a, technology lama nasa taka hma an sawn lai kha a ni a. Mahse, Greek ram khaw thlang lam, Kristian te an intluk tlan dial dialna hmunah chuan kum zabi 7_na tawp lamah khan hmasawnna liam tham a thleng tlem hle. He danglamna hi Greek leh Latin mite Pathian thu inzirtir dan danglam vang a ni ngei ang. Greek_ho chuan sual chu hriatna lama mit delna a ni a, chhandamna chu enna, ngaihtuahna fim tak hmanga neih chi a ni an ti. Latin_ho ngaihdanah erawh chuan sual chu rilru chungrila sualna a ni a, chhandamna chu thil ṭha tih hmanga neih chi a ni thung. Khaw chhak lam sakhaw zirtirna chu finnaa innghat a ni a, khaw thlang lam zirtirna erawh chu a tiha tih lam a ni. Greek mi thianghlim te'n uluk takin an ngaihtuah a, khaw thlang lama mi thianghlim te'n a tihin an ti a ni deuh ber e. Kristian rau rauah khaw thlang lama mite chu khuarel thila inzawm thuk a awl bik a ni.

Kristian rin dana thilsiamte siam an nih dan, lehkha ziak hmasa bera a lan dan hian tunlaia khuarel thil harsatna kan tawhah hian awmzia dang a nei thei ang. Thupuan bua a lan dan chuan Pathianin mihring hnenah Pathian thu ziakna Bible chu a pe a. Mahse, Pathianin khuarel thil a siam khan khuarel thil hian Pathian remruat a tilang nghal tur a ni. Pathian awmzia hre chiang lehzual tura Pathian thu hmanga khuarel thil zirna hi 'natural theology' tia vuah a ni. Kohhran hmasa, a bikin khaw chhak lama Greek kohhranah te chuan khuarel thil hi Pathianin mihringte hnena thu a sawina entirna atan hman ṭhin a ni: fanghmir chet dan hi mi thatchhiate tan zirlai anga ngaih a ni a, mei alh hi mihring thinlunga Pathian thu lo thleng anga ngaih a ni bawk. Khuarel thil hi science_in a hriat aia mawi a ni.

Byzantium mite khan Greek scientist te thil ziak tam tak an la chhawng a, chu chan kan ngaihtuahna tam tak hi a kaihruai a ni.

Hetihlai hian, kum zabi 13_na tir lam khan Latin khaw thlang lamah khuarel thil chungchanga Pathian thu ngaihdan hi a inthlak nasa hle mai. Thil hmuh theih hmanga thilsiamte leh mihringte inzawmna chungchang leh engtin nge a thawh tih hriat danah a ni ber. Tui let hnua Pathianin tui a tilet dawn tawh lo tih entir nana chhimbal a zamtir te chu thil entir neiah pawh ngaih a ni ta meuh lo. Robert Grosseteste, Friar Roger Bacon, leh Theodoric of Freiberg te chuan chhimbal chungchang hi nasa takin an zir a, mahse sakhaw thila entirna neiah bak an ngai lo. Kum zabi 13_na aṭang khan scientist lar tak tak, Leitnitz leh Newton te pawh telin chhimbal hi sakhaw thila entirna neiah an sawi ṭhin. Galileo hi Pathian thua thuk tak chu lo ni lo se buaina a tawk hnem lehzual ngawt ang; eizawn nana thiamna hmang mite chuan an hnial nasa hle a nih kha. Newton kha chuan scientist aiin Pathian thu zir mi_ah a inngai zawk niin a lang. Kum zabi 18_na aṭang khan scientist tam tak tak tan chuan Pathhian ṭanpuina hian pawimawhna a nei ta lo a ni ber e.

Mihringte hian an thil tih duhzawng an tih hian ngun taka ngaihtuah chungin an ti nge, an hnam tih dan ang apiangin an ti mai mai tih hi chanchin ziaktute tan pawh hian hriat dik chat chat a har viau ang. Khaw thlang lama scientist lar tak pakhat chuan scientist te lawmman pakhat chu Pathian ngaihtuahna zir zui hi niin a sawi a, he thil hian scientist te hi a kaihruai thui viau maithei e. Chutiang chu a lo ni tak tak a nih chuan tunlai khawthlang scientist te chu Kristian sakhaw zirna hnuaia awm ang an ni tihna a ni. Sakhaw kalhmang hi Juda sakhua aṭanga lo indin Kristian sakhua ang zelin a vir vel a nih ber chu. 

Kristian thlir dan dang

A tlangkawmna lam lo hnaih dawn tawh ila. Science tih leh technology tih hi kan tunlai huna thumal kan neih zingah chuan thu mawi leh malsawmna keng hial khawp thu niin kan ngai deuh vek ang. Khawvel chanchin aṭanga kan thlir chuan tunlai science thiamna hi leilung leh a khuarel thil zirna ang a ni deuh mai a, technolgy pawh Pathianin mihringa a dah finna hmanga leilunga thil awmte chunga ro a relna hmanrua ang a ni mai awm e. Mahse, kum zabi liamtaa thil thleng kan thlir chuan science leh technology hmang hian mihring hian kan leilung hi thunun hleih theih lohin kan sawisa ta niin a lang. Chutiang chu a lo ni a nih chuan Kristianna hian a mawh lianpui a phur tihna a ni. 

Keimah hi chuan he kan buaina tawh hi science leh technology hmang tho hian awlsam tea chin fel theih a nih ka ring tlat. Kan science leh technology hi Kristian te leh khuarel thil inlaichinna aṭanga lo piang niin Kristian te chang ni lo, Kristian aia indah sangte pawhin kan ngai vek niin a lang a. Copernicus lo sawi ang ni lovin, van thengrenga thil awmte hi kan khawvel te takte hual hian a vir vel a ni. Darwin sawi ang ni lovin kan thinlungah hian khuarel thil anga siam kan ni lo. Khuarel ai hian kan chungnung zawk a, kan mamawh dana kan hman theih tur a ni. California Governor atana thlan thar, keimah ang bawka kohhran mi, mahse keimah aia hna ngah hian Kristian te awmdan tur a sawi a, "Thingkung pakhat in hmuh hian a vaia hmu ang in ni," tiin. Kristian rin danah chuan thingkung chu thil awm ngei a ni. A thusawiin a tum ber chu Kristianna leh khawthlang mite nungchang a ni. Kum zabi hnih chhung vel chu Kristian missionry te hian thingkung serh bik hi an vat thlu tawh a, khuarel thilin an chhungril a luah tlat avangin chu chu milem biakna a ni.

Khuarel thila kan chet dan hi mihring leh khuarel thil inzawmna kan ngaihdana zir zel a ni. Science leh technology lama kan thiamna hian tuna khuarel thila harsatna kan tawh aṭang hian min hruai chhuak dawn lo va, sakhaw thar kan hmu chhuak a nih loh chuan a hlui hi kan ngaihtuah ṭhat a ṭul tihna a ni mai. Tunlaia tleirawl Beatniks an tih, thil danglam thlentu pawl pakhat hian Zen Buddhism an tih hi an lo chawi lar viau a, Kristian ngaihdana mihring leh khuarel thil inlaichinna hi an zir nasa hle. Zen zirtirna hian Asia ram chanchinah nghawng lian tak a nei a, Kristiannain khawthlang ram a nghawng ang bawkin, min nghawng dan hi ka haw ngawt mai. 

Isua Krista hun aṭanga Kristian sakhaw chanchin hi ngun taka kan ngaihtuah a ngai a ni. Saint Francis of Assisi kha chuan amah zuitu ṭhenkhat angin a thil tih kha sawiah a titawp ve mai ngai lo. A thil sawiah khan a chiang em em a, Franciscan Order an tih pawla hruaitu Saint Bonavlentura kha mi fing zet mai a ni a, Franciscan pawlte thiltih kha a tilar nasa a ni. Francis kha mi ngilnei em em mai a ni a, mihring lakah chauh ni lo, nungcha lakah thlenga ngilneihna lantirtu a ni. Ani chuan mihring hi nungchate leh thilsiam dangte chunga leng angin a ngai ve lo va, intluk tlang vekah a ngai a ni. A tan chuan fanghmir pawh mi thatchheho zilhna hmanrua mai mai a ni tawh lo va, meialh pawh Pathian hnena chho ṭhin thlarau tehkhinna mai a ni tawh lo; unaupa fanghmir leh unaunu meialh an lo ni tawh a, an unaupa mihring tihdanin an nihphunga siamtu Pathian chawimawitu an ni ta a ni. 

Mi pakhat chuan Francis khan sava pakhat hi mihring, a thusawi ngaithla ṭha duh lo deuh hnena sawi angin thu a hrilh niin a sawi a, chutiang tak chu a chanchinah ziah a ni lo thung. Sava pakhat hnenah Pathian faka chawimawi turin a ti a, sava chu hlim taka thla zapin a hram ta tih chu ziah a ni. Hmanlai mi thianghlim, a bikin Irish mi thianghlimte khan ramsate nen an an inkawm ṭhin thu an sawi ṭhin a, nungchate chunga mihringte thuneihna an lantir duh vang a nih ka ring. Francis hi chu a danglam daih. Apennies hmuna Gubbio chhehvelah chinghne kawlh zet mai hi a awm ṭhin a. An sawi dan chuan Saint Francis hian chinghnia chu biain a thil tih dik lo chu a hrilh ta a. Chinghnia pawh chu a inchhir hle a, a thi ta thuai nghe nghe a, kohhran ramah an phum niin sawi a ni.   

Chumi hnu lawkah chuan Sir Steven Ruciman khan 'ramsate thlarau chungchanga Francis_a thurin' tih kha a rawn sawi zui ta bawk. Hei hi chu Cathar hovin Italy leh France chhim lama ngaihdan an neih, India ram aṭanga an hriat chhawn ni awm tak pian nawn lehna nen hian a inang viau. Hetiang thu ang deuh, mihring leh ramsate an thih hnuah thil dang anga an pian nawn lehna hi kum 1200 velah khan Provencal Cabbala hmunah khawthlang lama cheng Juda te pawhin an sawi ṭhin bawk. Francis erawh hi chuan hetia thil danga thlarau piang nawn leh ang tak hi chu a sawi lo. Khuarel thil leh mihring a ngaih dan hi a ropui em em a, mihring leh tamsate hian an siamtu ropui tak nihna ropui tak chu kawng tam takah an chhawm ve niin a ngai a, nunrawng taka ramsa thah te hi a duh ngai reng reng lo a ni.  

Tunlaia khuarel thil kan tihchhiat nasat lutuk tawh veitu American mite hi chinghne hnena Pathian thu hrilh tur leh Pathian fak tura sava hrilh turin ka ti a ni reng reng lo. Khawvel puma khuarel thil kan tihchhiat nasat lutukna hi madieval hun laia  science leh technology lo ṭhang chhovin Francis_a zirtirna kalh zawnga thil a thlen vang a ni. A lo nasat chhoh dan hi Kristian zirtirna nen a inzawm ngheh tlat avangin chanchin ziakna lam aṭanga hriat fiah theih a ni lo vang. Tam tak phei chuan Kristian nen a inzawmna hi an hre lo zawk ang. Kristianna thlaktu tur, ngaihsan tur thar hi tunlai hian kan ngaihtuah der si lo. Khuarel thil hian mihringte mamawh phuhruk bak hi tihtur a nei lo tih ngaihdan nghet tak nei Kristian kan nih chhung chuan khuarel thil hi kan la tichhe zual zel dawn a ni.

Khawthlang rama thlarau lama harhna nasa ber thlentu Saint Francis khan Kristian te hian khuarel thil leh mihringte inzawmna kawnga ngaihdan thar min kawhhmuh a, thilsiam zawng zawng, mihring pawh tela intluktlanna a sawi nasa a, mihringin chin lem nei lova thilsiam dangte chunga ro kan relna hi a ṭhat loh thu a tlangaupui kha a ni a; mahse a hlawhchham. Tuna science leh technology kan hman dan hi chu khuarel thil chhe chho zel ngaihtuah miah lo Orthodox Kristiante ngaihdan hian a hruai thui lutuk a, thil ṭha engmah beisei tur a awm lo. Kan awih emaw, awih lo emaw, kan harsatna bulpui hi sakhua a nih len em avangin a siam ṭhatna atan pawh sakhua bawk kan hman thiam a ṭul ang. Khuarel thil leh kan chan tura khuanu remruat hi kan ngaihtuah chian a ṭul. Sakhaw mi tak, Francis_a ngaihdan anga ngaihdan hmanlai tak pawmtu, khuarel thil ngai pawimawh khawpa thlarau miin min hruai thei ang. Francis hi khuarel thil vawn himna lama puipaah puan ka rawt e.

(Lynn White hi American chanchin ziaktu lar a ni. Princeton_ah kum 1933 aṭanga 1937 khan madievak history professor a ni a, Stanford_ah 1937 aṭanga 1943 khan he hna hi a thawk bawk. Mills College, Oakland_ah kum 1943 aṭanga 1958 khan president a ni a, University of California, Los Angeles_ah 1958 aṭanga 1987 khan professor a ni bawk. Lynn White hian pawl pakhat Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) dinin 1960 aṭanga 1962 khan president a ni. History of Science Society (HSS) aṭangin Pfizer Award for "Medieval Technology and Social Change"  a dawng a, kum 1964 khan SHOT aṭang hian Leonardo da Vinci medal a dawng a, 1970 khan Dexter prize a dawng bawk. Kum 1971 aṭanga 1972 khan History of Science Society_ah president a ni a, kum 1972 aṭanga 1973 khan The Medieval Academy of America president a ni a, kum 1973 khan American Historical Association president a ni bawk)